Grooming
Grooming happens when an adult builds a child's trust to manipulate them for sexual purposes. It can begin on social media, in an online game, or in a private conversation.
When trust is used to manipulate
The person may be a stranger or someone the child knows. They do not always use a false identity.
Attention that creates dependence
Compliments, gifts, or promises may be used to build trust and make a child feel they owe the person something.
Secrecy and isolation
They insist on hiding the relationship, pulling away from trusted people, or moving the conversation somewhere more private.
Sexual pressure or threats
They introduce sexual conversations, ask for intimate images, or suggest meeting up. They may use guilt or fear to pressure the child into complying.
If this is happening to you, start here
Tell someone
Reach out to a trusted adult. You do not need complete evidence or a name for what is happening to ask for support.
Stop the contact
Do not send more images or agree to meet. With support, report and block the account. Keep relevant messages without making new copies of sexual images of anyone under 18.
Get specialist help
Contact child protection services or local authorities. If there is immediate danger, contact emergency services.
Sources and further reading
- National Office for Child Safety · Grooming
- National Office for Child Safety · Responding to disclosures of abuse
- CEOP · Online sexual abuse guidance (United Kingdom)
Content reviewed on October 4, 2026. Sources may describe services or laws specific to one country.